Dallas Fashion Project

Items

• Washington Star 1956-09-20
  Allan Shivers claims that he will support Dwight D. Eisenhower in the upcoming presidential election of 1956. Shivers and his pro-Republican associates potentially face a much tougher job in this year's election. The governor is retiring from office, and since the 1952 presidential election he has lost control of the Democrats in Texas. Now the liberal Democrats Lyndon B. Johnson and Samuel Rayburn have a better chance at controlling the Democratic Party in Texas. This demonstrates the political tensions between the Democratic Party in Texas, and Shivers adamant support for Eisenhower. However, Senator Price Daniel succeeded Shivers, and carried out similar policies in Texas, including segregation in public schools.
• New York Times 1956-07-19
  Allan Shivers says that he advocates "vigorous protests" rather than "rebellion" against the Supreme Court decision for integrating public schools. The governor believes that Adlai Stevenson will not carry Texas in the 1956 presidential election. This demonstrates Shivers' views on the Brown decision and racial integration, one month before the "Mansfield Crisis" occurred.
• Washington Star 1956-09-19
  Allan Shivers announces that he will support Dwight D. Eisenhower for re-election for president, in 1956. Shivers states that he still opposes Adlai Stevenson for the Democratic nominee, since Stevenson has not changed his ideas of a "strong centralized government". However, the future governor of Texas, Price Daniel announces that he will support Stevenson in the 1956 presidential election since Stevenson opposed force in school integration cases.
• Chicago Tribune 1956-09-20
  Allan Shivers announces that he will support Dwight D. Eisenhower for re-election for president, in 1956. Shivers states that he still opposes Adlai Stevenson for the Democratic nominee, since Stevenson has not changed his ideas of a "strong centralized government". However, the future governor of Texas, Price Daniel announces that he will support Stevenson in the 1956 presidential election since Stevenson opposed force in school integration cases.
• Des Monies Registrar 1955-12-21
  Allan Shivers states that will never change his opposition on Adlai Stevenson, and that other Democrats "have sought to impose their own ideas of the party" above its traditional beliefs. Shivers supported Eisenhower during the 1952 presidential election. This demonstrates the tensions in the Democratic Party, after Shivers supported a Republican candidate in the 1952 election. It's apparent that Shivers will continue to support Eisenhower in the next election if Stevenson becomes the opposing presidential candidate.
• El Paso Herald Post 1956-09-05
  This article is also very similar to a Brownsville article run on the same day, September 5. This article, focusing on Clinton, TN, brings in Mansfield and Fort Worth for comparison, with an endnote on the racial tension in Sturgis, Kentucky. It is the first time the El Paso Herald Post drew correlations to racial tension outside of Mansfield.
• El Paso Herald Post 1956-09-04
  This article is about a quarter of the United Press story published by the Brownsville Herald on September 4. It focuses entirely on the Rev. Donald Clark and his treatment by the mob at the school. This is one of the only articles published by the El Paso Herald Post that included direct quotes from the mob, highlighting the sentiments felt by those present.
• El Paso Herald Post 1956-09-03
  This article, pulled off of the United Press wire service, is also very similar to another article run by the Brownsville Herald on September 3. This article, however, is much shorter, giving fewer details about Mansfield and more details about the Lloyd G. Austin incident. This gives the indication that Mansfield does not rate very high on their news feed.
• El Paso Herald Post 1956-09-01
  This article is also almost identical to an article in the Brownsville Herald, this time from September 3. The United Press seems to be where El Paso gets most of their news from in regards to Mansfield, meaning they run similar stories to Brownsville with few differences. This article relates the story from Mansfield about Grady Hight and the three photographers after Shivers sent in the Texas Rangers.
• El Paso Herald Post 1956-08-31
  This article is the first indication that the Mansfield Crisis was something worth really writing about…and it is almost an exact copy of the article published by the Brownsville Herald on the same day. The differences in the articles lie in the last few paragraphs, with the update of Shivers calling in the Rangers being placed just ahead of the duplicate article.
• El Paso Herald Post 1956-08-30
  This small article is the only indication that the racial tension at Mansfield was known by anyone in El Paso on the first day of the Crisis.
• Brownsville Herald 1956-09-07
  This article, one of the last to be run in the state in regards to Mansfield, shows Shivers hitting back at his critics (those critics mostly being the NAACP). He legitimizes his actions by comparing Mansfield and Clinton and their current state of racial tensions. He follows that up by concluding that “agitators” should be jailed for causing the racial tensions in the first place. This portends the fight that the Governor will bring against the NAACP.
• Brownsville Herald 1956-09-06
  This article portrays the dislike that the Texas Attorney General Ben Shepperd has for the NAACP. As Thurgood Marshall criticizes Texas’ Governor, the disdain that Shepperd holds for “outside interests” is extremely apparent, as is Marshall’s contempt for Governor Shivers’ orders in Mansfield.
• Brownsville Herald 1956-09-05
  This article combines racial problems in Clinton, TN, Sturgis, KY, Mansfield, and Fort Worth. By just giving the basic information on these problems, the article weaves them together to form one large integration storyline. The one surprising remark is that this article states that Texas Rangers escorted some black students to a black high school in Fort Worth.
• Brownsville Herald 1956-09-04
  This article discusses some details about the final day for registration at Mansfield High School. An Episcopal priest was escorted from campus after agitating the mob with words from the gospel. Direct quotes from the crowd are recorded. The paper makes sure to mention no harm came to him. There is also a mention of a man who calls himself “Jesus Christ”. The one surprising paragraph in this article is the statement that three black students had been stopped from registering by the crowd the previous week. There is also a mention of the racial tension in the Fort Worth neighborhood.
• Brownsville Herald 1956-09-03
  The first article relates the beginnings of Lloyd G. Austin and his family moving into an all-white neighborhood. In the middle of the article, it states that this is the second racial incident that has occurred in the area in the last few days. Mentioning that Floyd Moody has registered at a Negro high school in Fort Worth, the article believes another mob will form since there is no word on what the other black students will do. The second article is more of a rant against the NAACP and Supreme Court. Describing the events in Mansfield and Clinton as tainted with “a hint of professionalism”, the writer gives their opinion on the NAACP’s involvement in racial integration. They also show their disdain for the Supreme Court by pointing out idiosyncrasies in their rulings regarding “land-use planning” or “zoning” (and the fact they pass laws in the first place). It is yet another example of a writer bringing Mansfield into a larger story.
• Brownsville Herald 1956-09-02
  This article is similar to the article from August 31. It continues to quote Shivers blaming the troubles at Mansfield on the NAACP and attorney L. Clifford Davis requesting aid from U.S. Attorney General Herbert Brownell. It also recants a story from the 31st, saying that there was no bloodshed between the mob and Grady Hight. It also relates the story of three newsmen being jostled by men in the mob, one of whom has some equipment damaged. Finally, it shares the latest decisions by judges in regards to the appeals made by the Mansfield School Board.
• Brownsville Herald 1956-08-31 pt. 2
  In this article, Mansfield is discussed in addition to the racial problems in Clinton, TN. Although the topic of Mansfield is only three paragraphs long, it is filled with information about the events at Mansfield that were really only reported closer to the town itself. The mention of submachine guns and racial signs on cars near the school were hardly reported elsewhere. This article, from Clinton, TN, shows that the Mansfield Crisis was being reported in conjunction with violent racial confrontations that happened in other states.
• Brownsville Herald 1956-08-31
  This long-winded article focuses on the violence and threat of brutality that has taken place at Mansfield. It is one of the few articles that claims Assistant District Attorney Grady Hight was in an actual fight, as well as damages inflicted on faces. It also keeps up the effigy count for Mansfield and Fort Worth. This is also one of the only articles that discusses Governor Shivers, the NAACP, and U.S. Attorney General Herbert Brownell.
• Brownsville Herald 1956-08-30
  These two article discuss the situation in Mansfield and Fort Worth. The first article gives scant details about the scene at Mansfield other than a police presence and a “group” estimated at 200 men and women. While the situation in Mansfield was considered possibly explosive by the County Sheriff Harlon Wright, he did not consider the effigy hung on Main Street to be a “serious matter”. Instead, District Judge David McGee did, especially in conjunction with another effigy hung up in similar fashion in Fort Worth. Both articles set the scene for racial tension in the area, as well as the response from those in charge.
• Amarillo Daily News 1956-09-06
  This article gives the reader the insight to the federal response to integration. As President Eisenhower pleads for moderation in the segregation “dispute”, he informs the nation that he will not intervene unless a state or local government cannot “maintain order”. Even after being informed of Governor Shivers open defiance of the integration order, he evades the question of action by stating he has no knowledge of what was said or done, but has asked for a full report on the court case involving Mansfield.
• "Mansfield Schools Integrate Quietly"
  After a long history of segregation in Mansfield, as the title of this Dallas Morning News article reads, “Mansfield Schools Integrate Quietly.” In 1956 some residents of Mansfield were not ready to accept the Brown v. Board of Education II decree that school districts must integrate with “all deliberate speed.” When the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was announced and funding was going to be withheld, the school district complied. According to minutes from the Mansfield School Board meeting on January 26, 1965, the Assurance of Compliance form H.E.W. 441 would be signed and they requested an announcement to run in the Mansfield News-Mirror accepting compliance with the Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This section of the Civil Rights Act prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, color, and national origin in programs and activities receiving federal financial assistance. According to the article, on August 31, 1965, the integration of African American students finally happened peacefully and quietly.
• "School Board To Comply with Civil Rights Order" headline and "A Time for Understanding" editorial
  On January 28, 1965, the Mansfield News-Mirror published a front-page story about the school board’s decision to integrate Mansfield schools. It also published a page 1 editorial encouraging the community to support the board’s decision and called for “sound thinking and responsible action” as well as a healing of “the wounds of the past.”
• Washington Post Herald 1956-06-29
  Governor Allan Shivers announces his support for President Dwight D. Eisenhower during the 1956 presidential election. He makes it clear that he'll support a Republican candidate until "a better one comes along" Shivers discusses school segregation issues. This demonstrates that Shivers still strongly supports Eisenhower.
• Amarillo Daily News 1956-09-05
  This article brings the Mansfield Crisis into focus with other segregation issues around the state as well as locally to Amarillo. While discussing racial problems in Alvarado, a town near Amarillo, the article also keeps the reader updated on the racial problems in Fort Worth, especially with Lloyd G. Austin and the violence surrounding his decision to stay in a previously all-white neighborhood. It also makes it apparent that the same priest, Rev. C. W. Clark, showed up in both Fort Worth and Mansfield to speak to the crowds assembled. The Mansfield mob, less inclined to hear him, caused him to be “rescued” by a Ranger. Also, as the school board lost its final appeal to the Supreme Court, a Mansfield business owner claimed to have a statement from the 12 black students that said they had no intention of attending Mansfield High School for the current year.