Dallas Fashion Project

Items

• Mansfield African American Oral History Project, excerpt on treatment by white children
  McClendon Moody discusses going to school before integration began and how white children treated African American children.
• KXAS News Video: Probe of NAACP in Dallas Continues
  In the weeks following the Mansfield Crisis, Texas Attorney General John Ben Shepperd was granted a temporary injunction against the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People while state lawyers searched through the organization's records, looking for evidence of barratry and tax fraud.
• The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution
  An image of the United States Constitution
• Eisenhower's speech justifying the use of federal troops to ensure the integration of Central High School.
  President Eisenhower sent the 101st Airborne to Little Rock to ensure that nine African American students could safely attend Central High School.
• John Howard Hicks on Saturdays in Mansfield
  John Howard Hicks, long time Mansfield resident, tells how the African-Americans would meet in town on a street corner in Mansfield, to hang out and tell stories.
• John Howard Hicks on Photo
  John Howard Hicks, Mansfield high school student bused to I.M. Terrell in Ft. Worth because of Mansfield High School's segregation policy, discusses the picture taken of the five students by the bus that drove them to Ft. Worth.
• John Howard Hicks First Day of School
  John Howard Hicks, Mansfield high school student bused to I.M. Terrell in Ft. Worth, talks about his first day of school on the day of the desegregation crisis in 1956. It was his preference to go to the school in Ft. Worth and not Mansfield High School.
• John Howard Hicks Cemetery
  John Howard Hicks talks about his ancestors buried in the Mansfield Cemetery, and the disarray of the African-American grave sites.
• John Howard Hicks Mansfield Cemetery Fence
  John Howard Hicks talks about the Mansfield Cemetery Fence that separates the white and African-American grave sites. Considers removal of the fence to help heal old wounds.
• John Howard Hicks on Bus Rides to Ft Worth
  John Howard Hicks, Mansfield high school student bussed to I. M. Terrell in Ft Worth in 1953 to 1957, tells about the daily rides to school. African-American high school students were taken by Continental Bus because of segregation of the public schools in Mansfield.
• John Howard Hicks Mansfield After Crisis
  John Howard Hicks discusses whether the city of Mansfield has atoned for the way they handled desegregation of high school in 1956.
• Jossie Brooks on Westside Mansfield
  Jossie Brooks describes the changes she saw in the west side of town since her arrival in 1943.
• Jossie Brooks on Voting
  Jossie Brooks describes her first voting experiences while in her 30s.
• Jossie Brooks on Threats against Moody
  Jossie Brooks recalls the threats made against T.M. Moody after the Crisis of 1956.
• Jossie Brooks on Farr Best Movie Theater
  Jossie Brooks recalls the segregated town theater, Farr Best Movie Theater, in Mansfield, Texas.
• Jossie Brooks on Shopping in Mansfield
  Jossie Brooks describes the rules that black residents were forced to abide by when they had the means to shop in town.
• Jossie Brooks on Busing to and from Fort Worth
  Jossie Brooks recounts the daily trips Mansfield's black students embarked on to and from school in Fort Worth, Texas.
• Jossie Brooks on Bethlehem Baptist Church
  Jossie Brooks discusses the mural in the T. M. Moody building at Bethlehem Baptist Church in Mansfield, Texas, and gives a brief history of the church.
• Text of the Integration Crisis in Clinton.
  Segregationists attempt to keep twelve African American students out of Clinton High School. Governor Frank Clement responded by sending the National Guard to escort the students into school.
• Desegregation in Clinton, Tennessee
  Segregationists in Clinton hang a effigy of Governor Frank Clement.
• Washington Post: "School Row Brings State Guard"
  Governor A. B. Chandler sent the Kentucky National Guard to quell the violence in Sturgis.
• Mansfield African American Oral History Project excerpt discussing slavery
  In this excerpt from the Mansfield African American Oral History project unabridged transcript, the interviewer asked about African Americans' beginnings in Mansfield and how their parents settled in the small town. The times of slavery and how sharecropping was done in this Texas town were discussed in the interview. This brings a beginning to the African American story of Mansfield and how it later built to the crisis in 1956. Sam Solimillo in Mansfield conducted the interview. The interviewees mentioned from this excerpt were, Fred Lawson (F.L.) and Maggie Jackson Briscoe (M.B.).
• Mansfield African American Oral History Project excerpt on integration efforts
  The excerpt discusses part of what led to integration efforts in Mansfield. Deacons of the Bethlehem Baptist Church thought if they were paying taxes in the town and had to pay for their children to ride the buses to Fort Worth to school, there must be a way that they could attend a school near their homes.
• La Prensa, September 1, 1956
  An article from the Spanish newspaper dated September 1, 1956 described reactions across the country of the Supreme Court decision to desegregate public schools. The article described the gathering at Mansfield High School and verbal exchanges that took place between the protesters and the sheriff around escorting students to the school. No registration escorts occurred that day and African American students returned to I. M. Terrell High School for the 1956 school year. The article also mentioned the three arrests that occurred during integration at Clinton, Tennessee the same year.
• "Mansfield Board Gives Plan for Integration of Schools," Mansfield News-Mirror, August 19, 1965
  In 1965 the Mansfield school board, in compliance with the Civil Rights Act of 1964, approved a plan to allow all students in the junior and senior high schools to attend regardless of “race, color, or national origin.” It was the first year of integration in the small community and uneventful compared to reactions in 1956 when a federal court ordered the school district to desegregate. In 1965 the school provided bus transportation on an “equal basis” for all students, which differed from previous years when African American students rode a Trailways bus to Fort Worth and then walked to the I.M. Terrell High School.