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KXAS News Script: "Mansfield is Quiet After Demonstration" On the Morning of August 30th 1956 a mob of some 200-400 persons gathered outside Mansfield High school. Early that week Judge Joe Estes had issued a federal court order to desegregate Mansfield High School. Attorney for the school board J. A. Gooch flew to Houston to meet with the fifth circuit court of appeals in hopes of obtaining a stay order that would overrule Este’s order. On this day a second effigy was hung in protest on the flagpole outside the school. No Negros showed up this day to register.
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KXAS News Script: "Dummy Hanging at Mansfield Probed" After Mansfield High School was ordered to desegregate an effigy was hung in protest of the decision. The Effigy was hung in Mansfield’s main street on wires. Signs were attached to both feet of the dummy and red paint was splattered across the effigy. Police believed that this was not the work of mere pranksters. This effigy became the first of three figures that appeared during the crisis at Mansfield.
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Dwight Eisenhower to Allan Shivers 1955-07-06 A letter from President Eisenhower to Allan Shivers thanking him for the letter concerning his wedding anniversary.
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Dwight Eisenhower to Allan Shivers 1955-04-25 A letter from President Eisenhower to Allan Shivers thanking him for the delivery of a portable barbecue pit. The letter also discusses Eisenhower meeting Shivers before he would receive the letter.
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Dwight Eisenhower to Allan Shivers 1955-04-04 A letter from President Eisenhower to Allan Shivers accepting a portable barbecue pit as a gift. In addition Eisenhower discusses establishing a date for a future portait to be made.
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Dwight Eisenhower to Allan Shivers 1955-03-17 A letter from President Eisenhower to Allan Shivers offering his sympathy towards Marialice Shiver's medical issues. In addition Eisenhower requests Shivers to call his office the next time he is in Washington to have another golf outing.
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Dwight Eisenhower to Allan Shivers 1955-03-02 A letter from President Eisenhower to Allan Shivers discussing visiting at Eisenhower's vacation home in Augusta, Georgia. Eisenhower states he has a bursitis in his right shoulder and offers the suggestion of alternative golf partners for Shivers.
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Dwight Eisenhower to Allan Shivers 1955-02-02 A letter from President Eisenhower to Allan Shivers discussing a luncheon they had and future plans to meet in Augusta, Georgia.
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Dwight Eisenhower to Allan Shivers 1954-09-28 A letter from President Eisenhower to Allan Shivers discussing an invitation for a fishing trip and sends regards to Shiver's wife, Marialice.
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Dwight Eisenhower to Allan Shivers 1954-01-20 A letter from President Eisenhower to Allan Shivers discussing their relationship and his continued support at the start of his second year in office.
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Dwight Eisenhower to Allan Shivers 1953-07-17 A letter from Dwight Eisenhower to Allan Shivers discussing his visit to Texas and future meeting to Seattle, Washington. In addition the letter discusses Federal Government appropriation to Texas' drought stricken areas.
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Dwight Eisenhower to Allan Shivers 1953-06-10 A letter from President Eisenhower to Allan Shivers thanking him for his letter and the suggestion to use the artist, John Moranz, for a portrait. In addition Eisenhower states his golf score which shows their fondness for golf outings.
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KXAS News Script: "Mansfield"
During the days prior to the crisis at Mansfield High many citizens opposed and supported the decision to integrate Mansfield High School. Federal Judge Joe Estes ordered the school to admit Negros and to integrate immediately. Jemmie Moody mother of Floyd Moody, a student of I.M. Terrell High School in Fort Worth, wanted her son to attend Mansfield High because of its close proximity to their house. Of those who opposed the decision was Mansfield superintendent R. L. Huffman. Huffman acting in accordance with the school board and a lawyer asked for a delay of one year for the court order to take effect and to appeal the court order.
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Dwight Eisenhower to Allan Shivers 1953-05-18 A letter from President Eisenhower to Allan Shivers discussing each others golf game. The letter indicates a close relationship between the two and their fondness for golf outings.
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Dwight Eisenhower to Allan Shivers 1953-04-22 A letter from President Eisenhower to Allan Shivers thanking him and Governor Murray for the desk. The desk was sent to Eisenhower's vacation home in Augusta, Georgia. President Eisenhower comments on the workmanship and quality of the desk.
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Dwight Eisenhower to Allan Shivers 1953-02-03 A letter from President Eisenhower to Allan Shivers thanking him for his gift, a Texas cowbell.
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Dwight Eisenhower and Allan Shivers 1952 This is a photo of Allan Shivers and Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952. Shivers chooses to campaign for Eisenhower during the 1956 presidential election, although they are affiliated with different political parties. This was one of the first elections to where Texas had a Republican majority vote.
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Dwight Eisenhower to Allan Shivers 1952-11-21 A letter from President Eisenhower thanking Allan Shivers for his continued support. The letter indicates a level of admiration for Governor Shivers and refers to him as an "outstanding leader."
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Sherman Adams to Allan Shivers 1952-11-21 A letter from President Eisenhower's Chief-of-Staff, Sherman Adams, thanking Allan Shivers for his support during the 1952 Presidential election. The letter indicates the level of gratitude towards Texas Governor Shivers from Eisenhower's administration.
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Robyn Ladino to Herbert Brownell 1992-11-21 Robyn Ladino, author of "Desegregating Texas Schools: Eisenhower, Shivers, and the Crisis at Mansfield High" asks the Attorney General, Herbert Brownell some questions about the events that led to the crisis, and the crisis itself.
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Herbert Brownell to Robyn Ladino 1992-11-23 The Attorney General of the Eisenhower Administration shares his recollection to Robyn Ladino on the "Mansfield Crisis" almost 40 years later.
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NAACP Board of Directors Meeting-May 1957 NAACP Secretary Roy Wilson attempted to persuade the Board of Directors not to file an appeal after Judge Otis T. Dunangan placed a permanent injunction on the organization in the State of Texas v. NAACP case. Despite the injunction, the NAACP was still allowed to operate within the state. The board went against Wilson's request and filed an appeal with the Tyler courts. However, it was withdrawn the following February.
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NAACP Departmental Report-February 1959 Clarence Laws informed the NAACP Board of Directors that twelve chapters have 50 or more members. He also discussed problems within leadership of certain chapters. Texas chapters made a comeback in the years following efforts of the Texas attorney general to enjoin the organization from operating in the state.
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NAACP Board of Directors Meeting-September 1957 The Board of Directors discussed the possibility of filing an appeal in the State of Texas v. NAACP case. Judge Otis T. Dunagan placed a less severe injunction on the organization following a trial in April but allowed it to continue operation in the state. The NAACP eventually withdrew the request for appeal.
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Report at NAACP Annual Meeting-January 1957 NAACP executive secretary Roy Wilson spoke to the Board of Directors at their annual meeting in January of 1957. The following transcript of that meeting in the NAACP Papers shows him discussing litigation against the NAACP in Louisiana, Alabama, and Texas, saying it is a violation of civil liberties. At this time, the Texas v. NAACP case in Tyler was at a standstill as Judge Otis T. Dunagan delayed the trial until April. The NAACP in Texas wasn't the only facet of the organization under fire from state governments.